Tarata Colonial Era

Colonial Tarata: From Encomiendas to the Andean Chiefdom 

I. The Foundation and the Allocation of Land 

After the arrival of the conquerors, Tarata, which was already an important point on the pre-Inca route, was integrated into the colonial system.

The reorganization of the territory began with the allocation of parcels. Francisco Pizarro himself participated in the initial land distribution. This act laid the foundations for Tarata's colonial social and economic structure, transforming the lives of its original inhabitants.

II. Dual Power: Chiefdoms and the Indigenous Elite

Although the Spanish held authority, the administration of Tarata was marked by resistance and the influence of the indigenous nobility.

The Strength of the Chieftains

Unlike other regions, in Tarata a strong elite of chieftains persisted, especially from the dynasty Ninaja and Copaja. These leaders, sometimes in conflict, played a dual role:

• Towards the State: They were responsible for tax collection and the organization of labor.
• Towards the Community: They maintained their traditional authority and acted as protectors of indigenous customs and rights.

The complex dispute with the chieftains of Chucuito over the jurisdiction of Tarata also marked this stage, demonstrating the strategic importance of the area.

III. The Church and Spiritual Control 

The Catholic Church was fundamental to the colonial life of Tarata. In addition to its evangelizing work, the Colonial Church It acted as a center of social and economic power, directing the spiritual life of the indigenous people (Doctrine of Indians).

Conflicts between indigenous leaders and certain priests over malpractice and exploitation were also documented, reflecting the tensions of the time.

IV. Tarata at the End of the Colonial Period: The Visit of 1793 

Towards the end of the 18th century, the visit of the Intendant Antonio Álvarez y Jiménez in 1793 He offered a detailed and rigorous portrait of life in the village of Tarata.

Their inspection covered all aspects:

• Social Reality: He described daily life and coexistence among Spaniards, Creoles, mestizos, and indigenous people.

• Economics and Politics: He documented local production and the management system.

• Heritage: He recorded the state of the Mother Church and of the main festivities that were celebrated in the province.

The colonial era ended with the end of the war of independence, dissolving the encomienda system and giving way to the Republic era.